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Relatedness and Sample Structure

Definition
AI-generated

Relatedness describes how closely individuals share alleles identical by descent (IBD); sample structure includes both known pedigrees and cryptic relatedness.

Topics
Population genetics
Related
Admixture Cryptic Relatedness Genetic Relationship Matrix (GRM)

Why it matters in GWAS

Close relatives violate independence assumptions in standard tests, inflate statistics when ignored, and interact with population stratification; workflows typically remove duplicates, filter kinship, or use linear mixed models that include the GRM.

Example usage

"A replication analysis checks whether assumptions tied to Relatedness and Sample Structure remain stable across cohorts."

Admixture Cryptic Relatedness Genetic Relationship Matrix (GRM) Identity by Descent (IBD) Identity by State (IBS) IBS0 Inbreeding Coefficient (F) Kinship Coefficient Linear Mixed Model (LMM) Pedigree PI_HAT Relatedness Coefficient Relatedness Population Stratification Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS)
Related-term network

Click any node to open that term page.

Node order. The current term is first. Next come every page linked from Related terms, in the same top-to-bottom order as that list. Then new terms appear in two-hop layers: for each of those direct neighbors (in that same order), their related terms are appended if not already listed. A third pass does the same for two-hop nodes. The walk stops when a fixed maximum number of nodes is reached.

References

  • Manichaikul A, et al. (2010). Robust relationship inference in genome-wide association studies. Bioinformatics.
  • GWASTutorial: Relatedness and sample structure.
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