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PAINTOR

Definition
AI-generated

PAINTOR (Probabilistic Annotation INtegraTOR) is a Bayesian framework that integrates functional genomic annotations with association summary statistics at a locus to estimate which annotations enrich for causal variants and to compute variant-level posterior probabilities, including settings with multiple causal SNPs; follow-on work extends it to joint fine-mapping across correlated traits.

Topics
Post-GWAS Population genetics
Related
Functional Fine-Mapping Fine-Mapping Joint Fine-Mapping

Why it matters in GWAS

When several traits share a region or when noncoding candidates need ranking, annotation-informed multi-trait fine-mapping complements single-trait SuSiE/FINEMAP runs and functional fine-mapping approaches that reweight posteriors after the fact.

Example usage

"We ran PAINTOR on lipid traits with Roadmap epigenomic priors to share strength across correlated phenotypes at the locus."

Functional Fine-Mapping Fine-Mapping Joint Fine-Mapping Multi-Trait GWAS Sum of Single Effects Model (SuSiE)
Related-term network

Click any node to open that term page.

Node order. The current term is first. Next come every page linked from Related terms, in the same top-to-bottom order as that list. Then new terms appear in two-hop layers: for each of those direct neighbors (in that same order), their related terms are appended if not already listed. A third pass does the same for two-hop nodes. The walk stops when a fixed maximum number of nodes is reached.

References

  • Kichaev G, et al. (2014). Integrating functional data to prioritize causal variants in statistical fine-mapping studies. PLoS Genet.
  • Kichaev G, et al. (2017). Improved methods for multi-trait fine mapping of pleiotropic risk loci. Bioinformatics.
  • Li Z, Zhou X. (2025). Towards improved fine-mapping of candidate causal variants. Nat Rev Genet. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-025-00869-4
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