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Quantile-quantile plot (QQ plot)

Definition
AI-generated

In GWAS, a QQ plot compares quantiles of observed association test statistics (or −log10 p) to their null expectation.

Topics

Why it matters in GWAS

Systematic global inflation appears as a lifted curve above the diagonal and motivates checks for stratification, relatedness, or model misspecification; the intercept of LD score regression refines interpretation versus polygenicity.

Example usage

"The QQ plot showed inflation at the extreme tail only, consistent with polygenic signal rather than uncorrected structure."

References

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